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Objective:To evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) based on automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) radiomics in distinguishing benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions.Methods:Between May to December 2020, patients with BI-RADS 4 lesions from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (Center 1) and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Center 2) were prospectively collected and divided into training cohort (Center 1) and external validation cohort (Center 2). The radiomics features of BI-RADS 4 lesions were extracted from the axial, sagittal and coronal ABVS images by MaZda software. In the training cohort, 7 feature selection methods and thirteen ML algorithms were combined in pairs to construct different ML models, and the 6 models with the best performance were verified in the external validation cohort to determine the final ML model. Finally, the diagnostic performance and confidence (5-point scale) of radiologists (R1, R2 and R3, with 3, 6 and 10 years of experience, respectively) with or without the model were evaluated.Results:①A total of 251 BI-RADS 4 lesions were enrolled, including 178 lesions (91 benign, 87 malignant) in the training cohort and 73 lesions (44 benign, 29 malignant) in the external validation cases. ②In the training cohort, the 6 ML models (DNN-RFE, AdaBoost-RFE, LR-RFE, LDA-RFE, Bagging-RFE and SVM-RFE) had the best diagnostic performance, and their AUCs were 0.972, 0.969, 0.968, 0.968, 0.967 and 0.962, respectively. ③In the external validation cohort, the DNN-RFE still had the best performance with the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 0.886, 0.836, 0.934, 0.776, 86.8% and 82.5%, respectively. ④Before model assistance, R1 had the worst diagnostic performance with the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 0.680, 0.750, 0.640, 57% and 81%, respectively. After model assistance, the diagnostic performance of R1 was significantly improved ( P=0.039), and its diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV improved to 0.730, 0.810, 0.930, 68% and 94%; while the improvement of R2 and R3 were not significantly ( P=0.811, 0.752). Meanwhile, the overall diagnostic confidence of the 3 radiologists increased from 2.8 to 3.3 ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The performance of ML based on ABVS radiomics in distinguishing between benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions is good, which may improve the diagnostic performance of inexperienced radiologists and enhance diagnostic confidence.
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Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is the most common disabling complication of diabetes. Emerging evidence has linked the pathogenesis of DNP to the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons into the epidermal area; however, the underlying molecular events remain poorly understood. Here we found that an axon guidance molecule, Netrin-3 (Ntn-3), was expressed in the sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), and downregulation of Ntn-3 expression was highly correlated with the severity of DNP in a diabetic mouse model. Genetic ablation of Ntn-3 increased the intra-epidermal sprouting of sensory axons and worsened the DNP in diabetic mice. In contrast, the elevation of Ntn-3 levels in DRGs significantly inhibited the intra-epidermal axon sprouting and alleviated DNP in diabetic mice. In conclusion, our studies identified Ntn-3 as an important regulator of DNP pathogenesis by gating the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons, indicating that Ntn-3 is a potential druggable target for DNP treatment.
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Mice , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Axons/physiology , Diabetic Neuropathies , Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism , Neuralgia/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of blunt separation method on peripherally inserted central venous catheters.Methods:The randomized controlled trials regard to the effect of blunt separation method on peripheral central venous catheters were retrieved from CNKI, Wan fang Data Knowledge Service Platform, CQVIP, CBM, Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of science from January 2010 to March 2021, two researchers performed quality assessments and extracted data according to Cochrane evaluation manual standards. RevMan 5. 4 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were analyzed, including 1379 participants. The meta-analysis results showed that there was no statistical difference in the successful rate of one-time sheath delivery ( OR=1.62, 95% CI 0.92-2.86, P>0.05). However, patients in blunt separation group showed lower blood loss ( OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.11-0.50, P<0.05), lower the incidence of seepage at puncture site ( OR=0.18, 95% CI 0.09-0.37, P<0.05) than those in traditional skin expansion group at 24h after catheterization, and less the time of maintenance within 7 days after catheterization ( MD=-0.95, 95% CI-1.78--0.11, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:Blunt separation method can significantly reduce the incidence of complications and the time of catheter maintenance. Due to the limited quality of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the conclusions.
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Objective:To explor the effects of mentalization-based family therapy (MBFT) on the emotions of anxiety and depression, reflective functions, and related brain regions of adolescents with depression.Methods:Thirty-two adolescent patients with depression were selected in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital.Among them, fifteen patients treated with conventional drugs were defined as the control group, the other seventeen patients served as the observation group.On the basis of routine drug treatment, patients in the observation group were treated with 1.5 h MBFT once a week, for a total of 3 months.Among them, 10 patients underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI) scans before and after the intervention.SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis of scale evaluation data by using chi-square test and repeated-measure analysis of variance, and pairwise Pearson correlation was used to construct a brain network matrix for the MRI results.The patient's brain network matrix was put into Gretna to calculate, and then use repeated measures analysis of variance and t test for judgment. Results:(1)Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed, over time and group, before and after intervention, the group×time interactions of patients' reflective function, anxiety, depression were statistically significant ( F=5.113, 9.350, 5.264, all P<0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed, in the observation group, there were statistically significant differences in patients' anxiety ((55.09±14.35) vs (30.58±3.62)), depression ((61.58±16.81) vs (31.00±3.48)) before and after intervention (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in reflective function ((8.71±0.51) vs (8.87±0.50) ) in the observation group before and after intervention( P> 0.05). The reflective function((8.92±0.33) vs (8.73±0.35)) and anxiety((50.67±13.88) vs (45.78±12.89)) scores of the control group were not statistically significant different before and after intervention(all P>0.05), and the depression scores of the control group before and after inter-vention((69.33±9.11) vs (50.94±7.99)) were statistically significant different( P<0.01). (2)rs-fMRI showed that, using the posterior parietal lobe and the medial prefrontal lobe as seed points, the group×time interactions with right inferior frontal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus were statistically significant ( F=29.56, 20.63, 8.69, 9.49, 8.62, all P<0.05). The further simple effect analysis showed in the observation group, the pre-test was less than the post-test, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). In the control group, there were not statistically significant differences in the functional connection strength before and after the test(all P>0.05). (3)The brain network analysis of 264 regions of interest (ROIs) in the whole brain showed that the number of modules in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.64, P=0.046). Conclusion:MBFT can improve the anxiety and depression of adolescent patients with depression.It enhances the functional link between mentalization related brain regions and the whole brain, and enhances the activity of the whole brain link to become more integrated.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum(Lb-f)on inhibition of cytoxan(CTX) on HCT116 cells of human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:HCT116 cells were cultured in vitro. MTT assay was used to in-vestigate the effects of 4,2,1μg/ml CTX and combined with 10μg/ml Lb-f on the survival rate of HCT116 cells. HCT116 cell xe-nograft tumor nude mice model was induced to investigate the effects of 100,50,25 mg/kg CTX and combined with 180 mg/kg Lb-f on tumor volume,tumor weight,relative tumor inhibition rate,the sensitization effect of chemotherapy (by q value),the number of peripheral blood leucocyte and platelet. RESULTS:Compared with CTX alone,CTX combined with Lb-f had no signifi-cant effect on survival rate of HCT116,relative inhibition rate of tumor volume in nude mice, relative inhibition rate of tumor weight and q value (P>0.05),but increased the number of peripheral blood leucocyte and platelet (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:No synergistic effects of Lb-f is found on the inhibition of CTX on the growth of HCT116 in vitro and in vivo;Lb-f can inhibit the decrease of peripheral blood leucocyte and platelet of HCT116 cell xenograft tumor nude mice induced by CTX.
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Purpose To investigate the expression of androgen receptor ( AR) in molecular subtypes of breast cancer and its relation-ship with clinicopathological features. Methods The expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2, CK5/6, CK14 in breast cancer was detected by EnVision immunohistochemical staining, and they further be divided into 84 Luminal A subtypes, 27 Luminal B subtypes, 14 HER-2 overexpression subtypes, 11 Basal-like subtypes, and 17 Normal-like subtypes, respec-tively. The distribution of AR in 5 molecular subtypes and its relationship with clinicopathological factors, such as age, histopathologi-cal grading, tumor size, lymph node status and clinical staging, were analyzed. Results In 153 cases of breast cancer, the positive rates of AR expression were 73. 20%, Luminal A was the majority ( 62. 50%) in 5 molecular subtypes. In the HER-2 negative and positive breast cancer, the positive rates of AR expression were 75. 00% and 68. 29% and the difference between the two groups was no statistical significant (P=0. 196). Of the 153 breast cancers, 23 (15. 03%) were triple-negative breast cancers (ER-, PR- and HER-2-), 15 (9. 80%) breast cancers were negative for ER, PR and AR, 8(5. 23%) breast cancers were quadruple negative (ER-, PR-, AR- and HER-2 -) . There was significant difference of the expression of AR in ER/PR positive and negative breast cancer (P=0. 001),it was positively correlated with ER/PR protein expression (rs =0. 874, P=0. 024). The difference of AR ex-pression between histological grading was statistically significance ( P=0. 022 ) , the expression of AR was negatively correlated with histopathologic grading (rs = -0. 201, P=0. 013). The positive expression of AR was related to tumor size, but not correlated with lymph node metastasis ( P=0. 211 ) and clinical staging ( P=0. 065 ) . Conclusion The expression of AR in breast cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features may provide a basis for the further improvement molecular typing of breast cancer, and also provide the theoretical basis for clinical treatment and judging prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2/3 and Smad7 expressions in carotid artery remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats, and also the therapeutic effect of Enalapril and Amlodipine. Methods The renovascular hypertensive rat (RHR) models with two-kidney and one-clip were established, including model group (n = 6), sham-operated group (n = 6), Enalapril group (10 mg/kg per day, n = 6), Amlodipine group (5 mg/kg per day, n = 6) and combination group (Amlodipine 2.5 mg/kg per day + Enalapril 5mg/kg per day, n = 6). The medication were continuous administrated for six weeks. Carotid artery morphological and structural changes in the media were observed by HE staining, Masson staining and immuno histochemical staining. Media thickness (MT), MT and lumen diameter ratio (MT/LD), and the expression levels of media α-smooth muscle actin (α-actin), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Smad7 in carotid arteries were measured. Results The media of carotid arteries in RHR model group was significantly thickened, the volume of smooth muscle cell was increased, and the array was in disorder; MT, MT/LD, the proliferation index of smooth muscle cell and collagen fiber area percentage of carotid arteries in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group (P < 0.01). Compared to sham-operated group, the model group had significantly higher expressions of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 (P < 0.05) and lower Smad7 expression. Both Enalapril and Amlodipine improved smooth muscle hypertrophy and collagen deposition, reduced RHR carotid MT, MT/LD, proliferation index of smooth muscle cell, collagen fiber area percentage and the expressions of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 (P < 0.05), increased Smad7 expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, the combination treatment of Enalapril and Amlodipine had significantly better effects than single Amlodipine group (P < 0.05), but not single Enalapril group. Conclusions TGF-β1/Smads pathway may participate in the mechanism of carotid artery remodeling in RHR; the role of Amlodipine and Enalapril in inversing carotid artery remodeling may be related to the change of TGF-β1/Smads pathway, the combination treatment of Amlodipine and Enalapril had better effects than single administration of Amlodipine.
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Objective To study the protective effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on radiationinduced hematopoietic damage in mice.Methods A total of sixty male C57 mice were irradiated by 60Co γ-rays to induce hematopoietic injuries,and then the mice were randomly divided into PTH and control group.The PTH-treated group was treated with PTH ( 80 μg· kg- 1 · d - 1 ) intraperitoneally everyday.The control group was given equivalent volume saline.Peripheral blood cell number,bone marrow mononuclear cell number,granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units ( CFU-GM ) and CD34 positive cells in bone marrow were detected.Results With the whole post-irradiation period,the WBC and bone marrow mononuclear cell numbers in PTH-treated mice were significantly higher than those in saline-treated mice (t=6.32,9.19,11.18,7.44 and 4.42,P ＜ 0.05).The RBC numbers in PTH-treated mice were significantly higher than those in control mice at 10 d,15 d and 20 d post-irradiation (t =6.48,3.66 and 4.98,P ＜0.05 ).The PLT numbers in PTH-treated mice were significantly higher than those in control group at 5 and 30 d post-irradiation ( t =2.57 and 3.10,P ＜ 0.05 ).PTH increased CD34 positive cell and CFU-GM numbers in bone marrow after irradiation ( t =16.12,7.82 and 20.00,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions PTH could improve the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between social support and state-trait anxiety in senior middle school students.MethodsA total of 165 senior middle school students received Social Support Questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,and social support and anxiety were compared by gender,home address and one-child family.Chi-square test and t test were used for data analysis.Results Utilization of social support showed significant difference between male and female studen(t=-1.994,P＜0.05).Significant difference of objective support existed between grade one,grade two and grade three (F=0.935,P＜0.05).Significant differences of social support(t=-2.039,P＜0.05)and subjective support(t=-2.769,P＜0.05)were found between urban and rural areas.In difierent grades,the state and trait anxiety Was significantly different(F=3.063,P＜0.05＝.There was negative correlation between social support and state-trait anxiety(r=-0.376,P＜0.05＝.ConclusionGood social support may help to reduce state anxiety among senior middle school students.
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Aim: To study pharmacokinetics of aconitine,mesaconitine and hypaconitine in rats after single oral administration of decoctions composed with Radix Aconiti Lateralis.Methods: Four groups of rats were orally administered four decoctions including decoction a(Sini decoction),decoction b(decoction composed with Radix Aconiti Lateralis),decoction c(decoction composed with Radix Aconiti Laterali and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Cum Melle)and decoction d(decoction composed with Radix Aconiti Laterali and Rhizoma Zingiberis),respectively.Quantitative analysis of aconitine,mesaconitine and hypaconitine in rat plasma was achieved using a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry method.Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using DAS 2.0.Results: Pharmacokinetic parameters of aconitine,mesaconitine and hypaconitine were different after oral administration of four decoctions according to Radix Aconiti Laterali combined with different herbal medicines.Multiple peaks were observed in plasma concentration-time curve after oral administration of the decoction of herb couple Radix Aconiti Laterali and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Cum Melle,and the results showed a delay in tmax and a prolonger in MRT0-t compared with the decoction of Radix Aconiti Latera-lis.When Radix Aconiti Lateralis was combined with Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Cum Melle and Rhizoma Zingiberis at the same time in Sini decoction,tmax was delayed too but MRT0-t,was shorten than that of the group of Radix Aconiti Lateralis.Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic parameters of the three compounds obtained in this work shows that the pharmacokinetics of aconitine,mesaconitine and hypaconitine were influenced diversely when Radix Aconiti Laterali was combined with different herbal medicines.
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Background Various studies demonstrated that the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells(LECs) is associated with the overexpression of the c-myc gene in LECs induced by galactose.Inhibiting the abnormal expression of the c-myc gene in LECs is an effective approach to mitigate the pathogenesis and development of cataract.Objective The goal of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(c-myc ASODN) on the apoptosis of LECs in the eye with galactose-induced cataract.Methods Galactose-induced cataract models were established by the retrobulbar injection of 0.2 mL of 20% galactose once per day.Lipo-antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(Lipo-ASODN,0.2 mL) was retrobulbarly injected 4 hours after the injection of galactose at one-day intervals.The animals were sacrificed and lenses were obtained to evaluate the apoptosis of LECs and the effect of c-myc ASODN on LECs apoptosis induced by galactose was examined by TUNEL assay after 7,14 and 24 days.The ultrastructural changes of LECs were examined under the transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results A significant difference in the apoptotic rate of LECs was found among the 7 day,14 day and 24 day groups(F_(7 days)=3 418.495,P＜0.01;F_(14 days)=1137.555,P＜0.01;F_(24 days)=2198.871,P＜0.01).The apoptotic rate of LECs in the galactose group was markedly higher than that in the normal saline solution group 7 days,14 days and 24 days after the experiment(P＜0.01).The apoptotic rate of LECs in the galactose+lipo+ ASODN group significantly declined in comparison to the galactose group after 7 days,14 days and 24 days(P＜0.05).TUNEL assay showed the condensation,breakage and irregularity of the nuclei of apoptotic cells in the galactose group.The destruction of the ultrastructure of the cells and organelles were observed under the transmission electron microscope.Conclusion Galactose induces apoptosis of LECs in cataractogenesis.C-myc ASODN inhibits apoptosis of LECs induced by galactose.
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0.05),but these positive rates were notable decreased comparing with nPCR and immunohistochemistry techniques(P
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and clinical significance of radiotherapy on the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein(MRP) in advanced cervical cancer.METHODS:The immunohistochemistry method was applied to detect the expression of lung resistance protein(LRRP),glutathione-S-transferases-?(GST-?),thymidylate synthetase(TS) and type Ⅱ topoisomerase(TopoⅡ) in 23 patients with advanced cervical cancer before radiotherapy and after receiving 30 Gy dose radiation.RESULTS:The positive expression rates of LRRP,GST-?,TS and TopoⅡ before radiotherapy were 47.8%,56.5%,30.4% and 60.9%,respectively.The positive expression rates of LRRP,GST-? and TS in patients after 30 Gy dose radiation were 69.6%,73.9% and 73.9%,respectively,which were signficantly higher as compared before radiotherapy(P
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Objective To explore the significance of detecting IgH gene rearrangement in diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods By using family-specific primers mixtures (VH1,VH2,VH3) for IgH FR3A,FR2A,FR1 genes,clonal IgH gene rearrangement was detected by heminested and multiplex PCR in 44 cases of B-NHL,1 undifferentiated lymphoma,15 T-NHL and 5 lymphonode reactive hyperplasia. Results Clonal IgH gene rearrangement was detected in 36 of 44 B-NHL (positive rate 82%) by using FR3A primers,27 of 44 B-NHL (positive rate 61%) by using FR2A primers. By using FR1 family-specific primers mixtures (VH1,VH2,VH3) and JH (JHb,JHc),clonal IgH gene rearrangement was demonstated respectively in 34/33 of 44 B-NHL (positive rate 77%,75%). The total positive rate was 95% (42/44) by combined family-specific primers mixtures (VH1,VH2,VH3) of FR3A,FR2A,FR1 gene. Four of 15 T-NHL revealed clonal IgH gene rearrangement,while 5 LRH had no clonal IgH gene rearrangement. One NHL unclassified by immunohistochemical methods was classified definitely as B cell-derived lymphoma by PCR. Conclusion The detection rate of IgH gene rearrangement can be improved by combined usage of several pairs of primers,especially family-specific primers. Detecting clonal IgH gene rearrangement is significant in the procedure of differential diagnosis for B/T-NHL and reactive hyperplasia.